Chats and real-time communications

WebSocket architecture, WebRTC peer connections, and event-driven state synchronisation operate under constraints that set them apart from standard request-response development: message ordering guarantees, reconnection strategies, presence state at scale, and conflict resolution under concurrent writes all require deliberate design decisions.

Chat products deployed at scale by teams at Harvard, the NBA, and Stanford put these constraints under real-world stress — high-concurrency events, enterprise-scale user bases, and zero tolerance for message loss.